Fall 2000
University of California, Berkeley
African American Studies 112A CCN: 00608
Political and Economic Development of the Third World
Instructor: Dr. Martha Saavedra, Center for African Studies
Teaching Assistant/GSI: Xavier Livermon

Course meetings: Mondays and Wednesday s, 12:00-2:00 PM, 182 Dwinelle
Why is there a loud demonstration every Wednesday at Noon during our class?

Instructor’s Office Hours: Mondays and Wednesdays 2:15 - 3:15, 356 Stephens Hall. Or by appointment.

Instructor’s e-mail address: martha@berkeley.edu

Teaching Assistant’s Office Hours: Mondays and Wednesdays 11:00 - 12:00, AAS TA Room in 683 Barrows. Or by appointment.

Course Description from the Catalog:

An examination of the structural and actual manifestations of underdevelopment and the broad spectrum of theoretical positions put forward to explain it. Underdevelopment will be viewed both from the international and national perspectives.

Fall 2000 Course Description and Goals:

Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this course examines ‘development’ as a concept, paradigm, experience, and practice. The goal will be to develop an analytical framework that allows one to ask more refined questions and to be clear on why the questions are even being asked. With comparative emphasis on Africa, the course will draw examples from other regions as well. We will consider different "sectors" but focus on agrarian change. The first part of the course will be a general overview of development. In the second part of the class, we will undertake case studies of Sudan and Peru. We will seek analytical tools to understanding local experience in a global context in a variety of formats: lectures, discussions, debates, films, and student projects. Student preparation and participation is key to successful course.

My goal is to provide an active learning environment for you, the student. Lecturing will be kept to a minimum. Preparation and participation by students is expected. This is a large class, and it is recognized that not everyone is an extrovert. "Moderated" discussions and small group work should allow all to contribute. Your peers will determine a portion of your participation grade through evaluations of your contributions to the class.

Required Texts:

Sara Berry. No Condition Is Permanent: The Social Dynamics of Agrarian Change in Sub-Saharan Africa. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993.

Paul H. Gelles. Water and Power in Highland Peru: The Cultural Politics of Irrigation. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2000.
NOTE: Copies of the text are in one of the stores across Bancroft Avenue.

Philip McMichael. Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective. Second Edition. London, Pine Forge Press, 2000.
NOTE: More copies of the text are now in the student bookstore.

Required articles and short stories will be available both on-line and in a reader. A reader with articles on Sudan will be at Odin Readers, 2146 Center Street, Berkeley, (510) 841-READ (7323), by October 24, 2000.

Recommended Texts:

Roberts J. Timmons and Amy Hite, Editors. From Modernization to Globalization: Perspectives on Development and Social Change. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2000.
NOTE: This is a collection of classic articles in the area of development, modernization and globalization.

The texts are available at the student bookstore. The reader is at Odin's.

Grading

Details of the assignments will be explained in class. Final grades will be determined as follows:

Online Hand-outs and Other Links
Links to relevant sites can be found through-out this on-line syllabus. Some links are to on-line hand-outs for this course. Immediately below is a list of these handouts and their links. NOT all hand-outs are available on-line. You must attend class to get all the hand-outs.

News Presentation Details

List of News Groups, Presentation Dates and chosen topic links

Research Paper Guidelines

Transcription of 1st set of student questions on McMichael

Transcription of 2nd set of student questions on Mamdani, Berry and Boone.

IMF/World Bank Debate Links

Chronology of Sudanese History

UC Berkeley's International and Area Studies (Area Centers, Events, Resources, etc.)

Other Useful Internet links

MAP QUIZ

You also must pass two map quizzes - one on Africa and one on Latin America. Your scores will not be included in your grade. However, if you do not pass the first time, you must retake variations on the quizzes until you do. Check maps out at the Map Library on campus. For online maps, check out Karen Fung's Africa South of the Sahara site - one of the best on-line sources for Africa around. You can also navigate to maps on other regions of the world from her map sub-page.

African Maps

A basic map of Africa with state boundaries and major cities produced by with the help of information from the CIA is here. Another is from the Ethnologue project is here. Another is here. The Food and Agriculture Organization has an on-line database, Geoweb, that allows you to construct custom maps. The Encylopedia Britannica also is source for basic on-line maps.

APIC has a map that groups countries into regions, which may be helpful in learning what is where. [http://www.africapolicy.org/bp/regmap.htm]. They also discuss why there are sometimes different numbers given for the numbers of countries in Africa.

Compare Africa to other continents: Click here to look at an image of a poster that Boston University's Africa Center Outreach program produced [http://www.bu.edu/afr/Outreach/]

See where population concentrations are on the continent: African Population Database Documentation [http://grid2.cr.usgs.gov/globalpop/africa/app-6.php3.] Compare that to a map of administrative units in Africa. [http://grid2.cr.usgs.gov/globalpop/africa/app-5.php3]

[Africa South of the Sahara is found at http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/guide.html]

Latin American Maps

As with Africa, The Food and Agriculture Organization database, Geoweb, and the Encylopedia Britannica basic on-line maps are good starting points. Our own Center for Latin American Studies provides lots of links that may be of use. Univesity of Texas has lots of maps from Latin America on-line [http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/map/], including basic political boundary maps of the continent. There is also the map at the Library of Congress made available by our intelligence services.

Course Schedule

Every Monday starting on September 18, a group will give a news analysis presentation. Click here for details.
To view the list of groups and dates of presentation, click here.
In the meantime, start with these sites:
Africa SoS breaking news http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/news.html
BBC: http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/africa/
....and the BBC World Service: http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/index.shtml
AfricanNews.org is now http://allafrica.com/

Monday, September 4, 2000, Labor Day Holiday

Monday, September 11, 2000, Map Quiz on Africa

Wednesday, September 27, 2000, Research paper topic, questions and preliminary source list due

Wednesday, October 4, 2000, Map Quiz on Latin America

Monday, October 23, 2000, Midterm Exam: go to links for student generated study guide questions

Monday, October 30, 2000, Research paper outline and bibliography due

Monday, November 20, 2000, Research paper due

Tuesday, December 19, 2000, Final Exam, 5:00 - 8:00 PM, 105 North Gate

Reading and Class Assignments
(Sudan)
(Peru)

This list will become more detailed as we progress through the course.

Monday, August 28, 2000, Introduction and Goals of the Class

Wednesday, August 30, 2000, Deconstructing Course Title -- Words and Definitions

McMichael, Foreward, Preface, Timeline and "Development and the Global Marketplace", p. xiii - xlii.

Monday, September 4, 2000, Labor Day Holiday

Wednesday, September 6, 2000, Representations of Africa, the Third World and Development

Robert Kaplan, February 1994, "The Coming Anarchy: How Scarcity, Crime, Overpopulation, Tribalism, and Disease Are Rapidly Destroying the Social Fabric of Our Planet," in The Atlantic Monthly.
http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/foreign/anarcf.htm

Thabo Mbeki, The African Renaissance Speeches: Pretoria October 11 1999, and: Johannesburg, September 28, 199
http://www.polity.org.za/govdocs/speeches/1999/sp1011.html
http://www.polity.org.za/govdocs/speeches/1998/sp0928.html

Fairhead, James and Melissa Leach. (2000) "Challenging Neo-Malthusian Deforestation Analyses in West Africa's Dynamic Forest Landscapes." Population and Development Review v26, n1 (March 2000): 17.

Instructions for retrieving this paper electronically from a UC Berkeley IP address

via a Telnet connection ~

1. Open up a session in MELVYL, the UC Systemwide catalog.
2. Request the MAGS database (see "-->"; type "mags" after the arrow).
3. Search for the article ("f pn leach" or "f ti Challenging Neo-Malthusian..."
4. Read the article on-line by typing "d text" or...
5. Mail article to yourself by typing "mail d text to yourlogin@yourserver"

   via a Web connection ~

1. Go to UCB Library web page: http://www.berkeley.edu/libraries/
2. Click on Melvyl Search (or start directly from the Melvyl page: http://www.melvyl.ucop.edu/)
3. Choose Magazine & Journal Articles database
4. Choose title search
5. Type in beginning of title of article and click 'submit search.'
6. When citation appears, click on "Online Access: [Link to Article Text (without graphics: e.g. charts, graphs, photos)] "
7. Print, download or read.

If you still can not access this article, please e-mail Martha Saavedra

Monday, September 11, 2000, Map Quiz on Africa, History of the Development Project

Required
McMichael, Chapter 1: "Instituting the Development Project"
McMichael, Chapter 2: "The Development Project in Global Context"

Recommended (hyperlinks are to commentary and, in the case of the Communist Manifesto, the actual text)
Marx, Durkheim, Weber , and chapters in second section (Parsons, Rostow, Lewis, Lerner, Inkles, Huntington) of Roberts and Hite’s From Modernization to Globalization.

Wednesday, September 13, History of the Development Project continued.

On the discussion of "Tradition" -
Read hand out - K. Anthony Appiah, Review of African Ceremonies, New York Times Book Review, December 5, 1999, p. 13.

Reference to reading mentioned in class: Hugh Trevor-Roper, "The Invention of Tradition: The Case of Highland Scotland" in The Invention of Tradition, eds. Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1983 and 1992. p. 5-42.

Monday, September 18 and Wednesday, September 20

Required Reading
McMichael, Chapter 3: "The Global Economy Reborn"

Recommended Reading
Frank, Wallerstein, De Janvry and Garramón, Chase-Dunn, and Fröbel, Heinrichs and Kreye in Roberts and Hite’s From Modernization to Globalization.

Activity
-First News Analysis Presentation (Monday)
-Bring in a written question based on something from the introduction or the first three chapers of the McMichael book.
Transcription of questions - note these may be the basis for questions on the Midterm!

Monday, September 25 Development in Theory and Practice continued

Required Reading
McMichael, Chapter 4: "International Finance and the Rise of Global Managerialism."

-Second News Analysis
-Film "La Vie sur Terre" -- Question: Does this film depict a traditional or modern life? (available at MRC, #2218)
-During the last 15 minutes of class, those that failed the Africa map quiz will retake it.

Wednesday, September 27 Globalization as a paradigm, project and practice

Required Reading
McMichael, Chapters 5 and 6.

-Research Proposal Due

Recommended Reading
McMichael (!) and Harvey in Roberts and Hite’s From Modernization to Globalization.

Monday, October 2, Parallel, Alternative and Counter-movements

Required Reading: McMichael, Chapters 7 and 8.

Recommended Reading
Ward and Pyle, Sutcliffe, Sklair and Portes in Roberts and Hite’s From Modernization to Globalization.

-Third News Presentation
-Debate: IMF and the World Bank - Are they part of the solution or part of the problem?

The African Experience with Development: Agrarian Change

Wednesday, October 4, Colonialism and Indirect Rule

Required Reading:
Berry, Chapters 1 and 2

Mamdani, Mahmood. "Historicizing Power and Responses to Power: Indirect Rule and Its Reform." Social Research. v66, n3 (Fall, 1999):859.

Follow the instructions above for retrieving this paper electronically.

-Map Quiz on Latin America

Monday, October 9, Farmers, States and Agricultural Production in the mid-20th Century

Required Reading:
Berry, Chapters 3 and 4

Boone, Catherine. "State Building in the African Countryside: Structure and Politics at the Grassroots." Journal of Development Studies v34, n4 (April, 1998):1 (31 pages).

Follow the instructions above for retrieving this paper electronically.

-Fourth News Presentation

-Assignment: Send to instructor by e-mail a question from Berry, Mamadani or Boone by 9 AM Monday, October 16th.

Wednesday, October 11, Access to Productive Resources and Institutions: Land, Labor, Markets and Networks

Required Reading:
Berry, Chapters 5 and 6

Monday, October 16, Farmers, States and Agricultural Production in the mid-20th Century

Required Reading:
Berry, Chapters 7 and 8

-Fifth News Presentation

-Assignment: Send to instructor by e-mail a question from Berry, Mamadani or Boone by 9 AM TODAY.
-A list of the submitted questions.

 

Wednesday, October 18, Review for Midterm

Monday, October 23, MIDTERM

Sudan

Wednesday, October 25 Film: The Two Trevors and In-depth Case Study ~ Sudan

Film: Two Trevors Go to Washington ~ the film is an account of the IMF and World Bank spring meetings and protests that took place in mid-April 2000, as experienced through the eyes of two South Africans visiting the US capital, both respected veterans of the anti-apartheid struggle, who differ strongly on economic issues.

Available for viewing in the UC Berkeley Media Resource Center on the first floor of Moffit Libary. Ask for video #7593.
Web site for the film: http://bcashdan.home.igc.org/two_trevors.html

In-depth Case Study ~ Sudan: Basic History and Agrarian Development

Film: Sudan: Confluence of Arab and African Worlds, 1995, in the MRC in Moffit, VIDEO/C 5843 ~ this film was a joint production of the Center for African Studies and the Center for Middle East Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. It provides an introduction to the geography, economy, history and culture of Sudan.

On-lineReferences:
Various Maps from Sudan on SudanNet: http://www.sudan.net/government/admap.html
Chronology of Sudanese History
Africa South of the Sahara - Sudan Page: http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/sudan.html
Political Resources links for Sudan (government, opposition parties, other links): http://www.politicalresources.net/sudan.htm
Sudan's Ministry of Agricultural and Forestry: http://www.sudagric.net/
Latest News from Sudan: http://www.sudan.net/news/news.html
Archived news from Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN) from the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs: http://www.reliefweb.int/IRIN/archive/sudan.phtml

Required Reading (All articles in Reader available from ODIN Readers):
Medani M. Ahmed (1994) "Development of Agriculture in the Sudan: an Overview." In Development of Africulture in the Sudan: An annotated Bibliography with an Introductory Essay. Institute of African and Asian Studies, University of Khartoum, Sudan. pp. 1-31.
no. of pages: 31

Taisier Ali (1988) "The State and Agricultural Policy: In Quest of a Framework for Analysis of Development Strategies." in Sudan: State, Capital and Transformation. Ed. By Tony Barnett and Abbas Abdelkarim. Croom Helm: London, New York and Sydney. pp. 19-51.
no. of pages: 33

Taisier Ali and Jay O'Brien (1984) "Labor, Community and Protest in Sudanese Agriculture." In The Politics of Agriculture in Tropical Africa. Sage Publications: Beverly Hills, London and New Delhi. pp. 205-238.
no. of pages: 30

Monday, October 30, Sudan: Agrarian Politics in Western Sudan

Required Reading: continue reading articles above and the following article:

Paul Doornbus (1988) "On Becoming Sudanese." in Sudan: State, Capital and Transformation. Ed. By Tony Barnett and Abbas Abdelkarim. Croom Helm: London, New York and Sydney. pp. 99-120.
no. of pages: 22

Recommended Reading (on reserve in Moffit):
Andrew Davidson (1996) "The Nuba Mountains in Space and Time"and "The Formation of Society in the Nuba Mountains" in In the Shadow of History: The Passing of Lineage Society. Transaction Publishers: New Brunswick and London.

-Sixth News Presentation

Wednesday, November 1, Sudan: Southern Kordofan - Commercial and Mechanized Production

Required Reading:
Abdel Basit Saeed (1988) "Merchant Capital, the State and Peasant Farmers in Southern Kordofan." in Economy and Class in Sudan. Ed. J. O'Brien and N. O'Neill. Avebury (Gower): Aldershot, England and Brookfield Vermont. pp. 186-209.
no. of pages: 24

Dawood H. Sultan (1993) "Merchants and a Bankrupt State: Relections on Contextual Imperatives and the Genesis of Predicament in Kordofan." African Studies Review. Vol. 36. No. 3, December 1993. pp. 75-94.
no. of pages: 19

Recommended Reading (on reserve in Moffitt):
Andrew Shepherd (1983) "Capitalist Agriculture in the Sudan's Dura Prairies." Development and Change, Vol. 14, No. 2. April 1983. p. 297-321.
no. of pages: 24

Monday, November 6, Sudan: Famine, International Aid and Structural Adjustment

Required Reading:
Mohammed Hussein (1998) "The IMF and Sudanese Economic Policy" in Sudan: State, Capital and Transformation. Ed. By Tony Barnett and Abbas Abdelkarim. Croom Helm: London, New York and Sydney. pp. 73-84.
no. of pages: 16

Richard Brown (1988) "Background Note on Austerity Measures" in Sudan: State, Capital and Transformation. Ed. By Tony Barnett and Abbas Abdelkarim. Croom Helm: London, New York and Sydney. pp. 73-84.
no. of pages: 9

Alex De Waal, (1997) "Privatizing Famine: Sudan 1972-93." Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa. African Rights and The International African Institute in association with James Currey: Oxford and Indiana University Press: Bloomington, pp. 86-105.
no. of pages: 19

-Seventh News Presentation

Wednesday, November 8, Sudan: Politics and Economics in an Islamic State

Required Reading:
Abdel Salam Sidahmed (1996) "Pax Islamica." In Politics and Islam in Contemporary Sudan. St. Martin's Press: New York. pp. 188-226. no. of pages: 39

Michael Kevane and Leslie Gray, "Local Politics in the Time of Turabi's revolution: Gender, Class and Ethnicity in Western Sudan." Africa. Vol. 65. No. 2. pp. 271-296.
no. of pages: 26

Monday, November 13, Sudan: Plans and Hopes.

Required Reading:
Government of the Republic of Sudan (1996) "Partnership Towards Sustainable Human Development." Sudan Country Strategy Note: Strategy and Priorities for a Concerted United Nations Response, 1997-2001. Khartoum, Sudan, February 1996.
no. of pages: 24

-Eighth News Presentation

Wednesday, November 15 Role-Play - What is the future of Sudan to be?

-Each person had a role. (See this page for a list of roles.) Among the topics discussed: Islamic law, Succession by the South, Orientation toward the multilateral financial institutions.

Monday, November 20 Student Presentation on Micro-credit and Comparing Africa with Latin America

Micro Credit

Presentation by Naheed Rehman on micro-credit and her research in South Asia. As background, this web site from the Grameen Bank may be useful: http://www.grameen-info.org as well as this page, the Virtual Library on Micro-credit: http://www.gdrc.org/icm/.

Peru

Comparing Africa with Latin America

Required Web Browsing: Comparing aggregate data on Latin America and Africa
Data on Latin America from the World Bank: http://devdata.worldbank.org/external/dgprofile.asp?RMDK=119228&SMDK=1&W=0

Data on Africa from the World Bank:
http://devdata.worldbank.org/external/dgprofile.asp?RMDK=119222&SMDK=1&W=0

Required Reading: Gelles, Introduction, Chapters 1-2.

-Research Paper Due

Wednesday, November 22 Comparing Sudan and Peru

Required Reading: Gelles, Chapters 3-4.

Required Web Browsing: Comparing aggregate data on Sudan and Peru
Data on Sudan from the World Bank:
http://devdata.worldbank.org/external/dgprofile.asp?RMDK=82680&SMDK=1&W=0
http://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/aag/sdn_aag.pdf

Data on Peru from the World Bank:
http://devdata.worldbank.org/external/dgprofile.asp?RMDK=82503&SMDK=1&W=0
http://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/aag/per_aag.pdf

Monday, November 27 Case Study: Development in Peru~History and Themes

Required Reading: Gelles, Chapters 5-6.

-Ninth News Presentation

Wednesday, November 29 Case Study: Cabanaconde, Peru

Film: Transnational Fiesta: 1992
http://www-cmil.unex.berkeley.edu/media/sales/05socialsci/socimain4.html#movie9

Monday, December 4 Role Play based on Cabanaconde Water Politics and The next step?

-Tenth News Presentation

(If you do not already have a role, assume the character of a member of the comunidad campesino.)

Wednesday, December 6 Review

Prepare these three questions (WRITE THEM DOWN)

1. What is it that you have learned in this class? (Draw a diagram on one side of a piece of paper.)
2. What questions did you come into the class with that are still not answered?
3. What new questions have you developed since coming into this class?

Final Exam, December 19, 5:00 - 8:00 PM, 105 North Gate

Updated: 16 July, 2008